Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14648/26

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    Media Interviews as Strategic External Communication to Maintain Legitimacy for Sustainability Activities
    ((forthcoming)) Crumley, Ellen T
    To examine thematic content and inclusive language in leaders’ media interviews to maintain legitimacy for organizational sustainability activities. We conducted an exploratory, qualitative content analysis of 24 organizational leaders’ media interviews about environmental sustainability. We analyzed inclusive language (i.e., collective focus terms, collective personal pronouns, and metaphors) and thematic content. Legitimacy maintenance entails both describing organizational sustainability activities and conveying, through the use of inclusive language, multiple audiences’ connection to the organization. The qualitative content analysis found that leaders discussed both primary and secondary stakeholders. With the exception of the code Defending existing practices, leaders consistently highlighted positive sustainability activities of their organizations. The inclusive language analysis found that Collective focus terms were used by all the leaders, with the most common term being “everyone.” Collective personal pronouns were found in half the interviews. Metaphors were employed by all leaders; the most common sustainability-related metaphors were journey, structural, personification, military/competition, vision, and science. The sample is limited to 24 organizations and not representative of all industries. While sustainability communication research focuses on annual reports and website and social media content, this study draws attention to a common but under-examined type of strategic external communication: senior organizational leaders’ media interviews. To our knowledge, scholars have not previously considered the possible legitimacy maintenance function of organizational leaders’ use of inclusive language and thematic content to address a broad array of stakeholders in their external communication.
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    Periodic ultraviolet-C illumination for marine sensor antifouling
    (2019) MacKenzie, Amelia F.; Maltby, Ella A.; Harper, Nick; Bueley, Chris; Olender, Dustin; Wyeth, Russell C.
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    Transformations of collectivism and individualism in the Peruvian central Andes: A comunidad over three decades
    (2018) Vincent, Susan
    Andean peoples have a longstanding reputation for collective spirit, while the pressures of capitalism and the modern state are seen to promote individualism. This article uses fieldwork from over three decades in the Peruvian comunidad campesina I call Allpachico to examine how collectivist and individualist behaviour have intertwined and transformed. Over this time, governments and NGOs have facilitated and discouraged different collective forms at distinct moments, while the complaints made by the people highlight both the barriers they encounter in working together and the forms of individualism that are blamed. This detailed historical perspective provides insight into grassroots debates about how to define and practice community, as well as to how and why collective action is inadequate to gain livelihood in each of three eras. Neither collectivism nor individualism is clearly gaining ground; rather, the forms of each and their inter-relationship transform over time.
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    Play-making with migrant farm workers in Ontario, Canada: A kinesthetic and embodied approach to qualitative research
    (2018) Perry, J. Adam
    This article is a reflection on the use of theatre creation in qualitative research with migrant farm workers in Ontario, Canada. In this article I examine how the fundamentally embodied and kinesthetic dimensions of seasonal agricultural workers’ lives in Canada highlight the need to seek out and develop corresponding embodied approaches that are able to access and accurately represent the fraught and dynamic nature of workers’ experiences. I bring together ideas from both arts-informed research and participatory action research, and I examine how engaging research participants directly in collective theatre creation can effectively disrupt accepted ways of being and offer an important intervention on worker habitus. I reflect on how through incorporating an element of play-creation in the qualitative research process, I was able to a) access forms of knowledge that may otherwise have remained tacit and b) offer a disruption of the norms of isolation and antagonism endemic to daily life in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. This article contributes to debates concerning the role of the arts in qualitative and action research, as well as to those researchers who are seeking innovative ways of designing and implementing qualitative research in the areas of precarious work and citizenship.
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    ‘Modernising’ Employment Standards? Administrative Efficiency and the Production of the Illegitimate Claimant in Ontario, Canada
    (2011) Gellatly, Mary; Grundy, John; Mirchandani, Kiran; Perry, J. Adam; Thomas, Mark P.; Vosko, Leah F.
    In October 2010, the provincial government of Ontario, Canada enacted the Open for Business Act (OBA). A central component of the OBA is its provisions aiming to streamline the enforcement of Ontario's Employment Standards Act (ESA). The OBA's changes to the ESA are an attempt to manage a crisis of employment standards (ES) enforcement, arising from decades of ineffective regulation, by entrenching an individualised enforcement model. The Act aims to streamline enforcement by screening people assumed to be lacking definitive proof of violations out of the complaints process. The OBA therefore produces a new category of ‘illegitimate claimants' and attributes administrative backlogs to these people. Instead of improving the protection of workers, the OBA embeds new racialised and gendered modes of exclusion in the ES enforcement process.
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    Swarm Intelligence Optimization Techniques for Obstacle-Avoidance Mobility-Assisted Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
    (2017) Alomari, Abdullah; Phillips, William; Aslam, Nauman; Comeau, Frank
    In many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), node location is required to locate the monitored event once occurs. Mobility-assisted localization has emerged as an efficient technique for node localization. It works on optimizing a path planning of a location-aware mobile node, called mobile anchor (MA). The task of the MA is to traverse the area of interest (network) in a way that minimizes the localization error while maximizing the number of successful localized nodes. For simplicity, many path planning models assume that the MA has a sufficient source of energy and time, and the network area is obstacle-free. However, in many real-life applications such assumptions are rare. When the network area includes many obstacles, which need to be avoided, and the MA itself has a limited movement distance that cannot be exceeded, a dynamic movement approach is needed. In this paper, we propose two novel dynamic movement techniques that offer obstacle-avoidance path planning for mobility-assisted localization in WSNs. The movement planning is designed in a real-time using two swarm intelligence based algorithms, namely grey wolf optimizer and whale optimization algorithm. Both of our proposed models, grey wolf optimizer-based path planning and whale optimization algorithm-based path planning, provide superior outcomes in comparison to other existing works in several metrics including both localization ratio and localization error rate.
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    Field Behavior of the Nudibranch Mollusc Tritonia diomedea
    (2006-04) Wyeth, Russell C.; Willows, A. O. Dennis
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    The Rise and Irrelevance of the State: Political Views from a Peasant Community of the 2016 Peruvian Presidential Election
    (2018) Vincent, Susan
    This case study of a peasant community in the Peruvian central highlands examines how vibrant political engagement in the 1970s became indifference during the 2016 Peruvian presidential election. It focuses on changing livelihood activities over the past three decades. Thirty years ago, community incomes were based on farming and wage labor, and community members were activists in worker–peasant organizations to achieve better market and work conditions. Now, small-scale agriculture and formal employment have declined and livelihoods are precarious. The state addresses this through decentralized spending and cash transfers. Despite this unprecedented state support, the community had no interest in the 2016 national election. Instead, their attention was focused on the municipality, which delivers the new funds in Peru's decentralized government system. Rather than leveraging job and income creation, these funds condemn the people to ongoing precarity because the state has avoided the structural changes that would create viable jobs and markets for their products. These concerns find no organized political expression, as recent analysis of Peruvian politics reveals a weak party system and fragmented civil society. This situation poses significant challenges to political organizations that would seek more equitable structural transformations.
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    Development of a Canadian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products
    (2022-06-26) Jamieson, Jennifer A.; Gill, Kelsey; Fisher, Samantha; English, Marcia
    Country-specific food composition data are needed for gluten-free (GF) food products to assess nutritional adequacy and diet quality. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive GF food composition database for key GF foods consumed in Canada. Average nutrient data from 167 products were estimated from Nutrition Fact Panel labels and the commercial ingredient list, using an iterative and systematic approach. The database reports mean values for energy and 29 nutrients per 100 g for 33 GF commercial grain-based foods. Nutrient values were evaluated with Health Canada’s nutrient content claims per standard reference serving. On average, GF products were, at minimum, a source of thiamin (73%), riboflavin (70%), niacin (58%), iron (58%), fibre (55%), magnesium (48%), folate (36%), zinc (19%), and calcium (15%). Most GF products were low in saturated fat (85%) and cholesterol (64%) but only 15% were low in total fat and 6% were free of sugar. Micronutrient enrichment and the use of nutrient-dense whole grain flours, legume flours, oil seed husks, and functional fibre ingredients varied within and between categories and brands but appeared to contribute to nutrient content. This database provides a new tool to enhance GF diet assessment in individuals or populations in Canada.
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    Adaptation of Underwater Video for Near-Substratum Current Measurement
    (2006-10) Wyeth, Russell C.; Willows, A. O. Dennis
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    Got Health? Action researching a student-led health promotion program in British Columbia, Canada
    (2018) Berg, Stephen; Bradford, Brent; Robinson, Daniel B.; Wells, Mark
    In British Columbia (BC), Canada, a school district effort was launched to focus on mental wellbeing in middle and senior secondary schools. The initiative “Got Health?” was intended to help students take the lead, through action research, in program development and delivery of information. The purpose of this action research project was to evaluate, assess, and report student and staff perceptions of “Got Health?” Particular focus lay with student and staff thoughts concerning the inspiration, benefits, and challenges of the student-led mental health initiative across multiple and diverse schools. Focus group interviews were conducted involving student and teacher members of “Got Health?” teams. Results revealed that the majority of participants believed a positive change occurred in their school environments, which included a favourable impact on the mental wellbeing messages shared throughout their school communities. This suggests that a student-led inquiry approach can be an effective means of promoting mental wellbeing in school settings.
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    Mobility of the elderly in Peru: Life course, labour and the rise of a pensioner economy in a Peruvian peasant community
    (SAGE Journals, 2016) Vincent, Susan
    This case study combines economic and life course history to highlight new forms of inequality. While a previous generation of industrial workers had jobs with benefits, their children have become a precariat. Peru is no exception, despite its booming resource economy. In a context of continuing strong inter-generational ties, pensioners from the community of Allpachico support their precariat children and receive personalized elder care in return. State-funded community development through participatory budgeting, an attempt to stave off the ‘resource curse’, has provided residential services that can ease pensioners’ senior years. This permits them to choose whether to live in their community of origin or elsewhere. In contrast, elderly women and men without pensions may have to leave their peasant community homes to be cared for by their urban precariat children. Local economies that are oriented to pensioners’ needs, however, are necessarily unstable since pensions cannot be inherited and the neoliberal economy generates few new jobs.
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    Images of work, images of defiance: engaging migrant farm worker voice through community-based arts
    (2018) Perry, J. Adam
    This article addresses a stated need within the food justice movement scholarship to increase the attention paid to the political socialization of hired farm hands in industrial agriculture. In Canada, tackling the problem of farm worker equity has particular social and political contours related to the Canadian horticultural industry’s reliance on a state-managed migrant agricultural labour program designed to fill the sector’s labour market demands. As Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) produces relations of ‘unfree labour’, engaging migrant farm workers in social movement initiatives can be particularly challenging. Critical educational interventions designed to encourage migrant farm workers’ contribution to contemporary social movements in Canada must therefore confront the socio-cultural obstacles that constrict migrant farm workers’ opportunities to participate as full members of their communities. In this article, I argue that social justice oriented approaches to community-based arts can provide a means for increasing the social movement contributions of farm workers employed through managed labour migration schema such as Canada’s SAWP.
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    Action research in the age of reconciliation: A relationship-based approach for non-Indigenous researchers
    (2017) Carreau, Robert; Robinson, Daniel B.
    This article recounts a five-year journey connecting Acadian and Mi’kmaw schools in Nova Scotia, Canada. We trace the unfolding of relationships between minority school students and administrators through both natural and semi-structured dialogues. We believe this work contributes to the emerging field of research called for by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, TRC (2015) “to advance understanding of reconciliation” (p. 331). Drawing upon Battiste (2000), our research design represents a journey in the four directions of the Medicine Wheel. This journey is superimposed on an action research cycle. Three primary recommendations are offered for future research, whether it is collaborative, community-based, or for independent academic requirements.
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    Community, comunidad, collectives and neoliberal political decentralization in Peru
    (University of Toronto Press, 2012) Vincent, Susan
    Community building is both derided as the product of neoliberal regionalization and extolled as its alternative. The Peruvian community of Allpachico demonstrates that these two facets are linked. I show how forms of association have adapted to changing economic patterns over the past 100 years. Thus, the comunidad campesina, established to support small-scale agriculture, now offers unpaid peasant labour to state projects that both sustain cheap wage rates and produce infrastructure of prime interest to migrants. However, these projects also ensure the ongoing viability of the community, which relies on complex relationships between peasants, pensioners and migrant workers. La construction communautaire est à la fois tournée en ridicule comme le produit de la régionalisation néolibérale, et portée aux nues en tant que son antidote. La communauté péruvienne d'Allpachico démontre que ces deux facettes sont liées. Je montre comment les formes d'association se sont adaptées à l'évolution des structures économiques au cours des 100 dernières années. Ainsi, la comunidad campesina, établie pour soutenir l'agriculture d'échelle locale, offre maintenant du travail paysan non rémunéré à des projets étatiques qui à la fois soutiennent une échelle de bas salaires et produisent des infrastructures très profitables pour les migrants. Néanmoins, ces projets assurent aussi la viabilité continue de la communauté, qui repose sur des relations complexes entre les paysans, les bénéficiaires de pensions et les travailleurs migrants.
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    Patterns vs. Causes and Surveys vs. Experiments: Teaching Scientific Thinking
    (2018-03-01) Wyeth, Russell C.; Wonham, Marjorie J.
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    Making Tracks 1.0: Action researching an active transportation education program
    (2014) Robinson, Daniel B.; Foran, Andrew; Robinson, Ingrid
    This paper reports on the results of the first cycle of an action research project. The objective of this action research was to examine the implementation of a school-based active transportation education program (Making Tracks). A two-cycle action research design was employed in which elementary school students’ (ages 7-9), middle school students’ (ages 10-12), and high school students’ (ages 15-17) experiences with Making Tracks were investigated. Qualitative data were collected through field observations, student questionnaires, and follow-up focus group interviews with elementary school “walkers,” middle school “cyclists,” and high school leaders. Results suggest Making Tracks ought to be recognized as a program that has great potential in school and after-school community contexts. Notwithstanding these positive results, additional changes to the program might be considered so as to enable additional positive results in the future.
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    The Tree of Life in Enochic Literature
    (Brill, 2020) Koninklijke Brill